Tetrabutylammonium iodide(TBAI) bụ ngwakọta kemịkalụ nwetagoro nlebara anya dị ukwuu na ngalaba kemịkalụ organic.Ọ bụ nnu nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka ihe na-ebufe oge.Njirimara pụrụ iche nke TBAI na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nhọrọ dị mma maka ọtụtụ ụdị mmeghachi omume kemịkal, mana kedu ihe bụ usoro n'azụ mmeghachi omume ndị a?
A maara TBAI maka ikike ya ibufe ion n'etiti usoro na-enweghị atụ.Nke a pụtara na ọ nwere ike ime ka mmeghachi omume dị n'etiti ogige ndị na-agaghị enwe ike ịmekọrịta.TBAI bara uru karịsịa na mmeghachi omume metụtara halides, dị ka iodides, n'ihi na ọ nwere ike ịbawanye solubility ha na ihe mgbaze organic ka ha na-ejigide ihe ha nwere ionic.
Otu n'ime ngwa TBAI a na-ahụkarị bụ na njikọta nke ogige organic.Mgbe TBAI na-agbakwunyere na usoro mmeghachi omume nke abụọ, ọ nwere ike ịkwalite nnyefe nke anions n'etiti usoro, na-eme ka mmeghachi omume na-eme nke na-agaghị ekwe omume na-enweghị iji ihe mkpali.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ejirila TBAI mee ihe na njikọ nke nitriles unsaturated site na mmeghachi omume nke ketones na sodium cyanide n'ihu onye na-eme ihe.
Usoro mmeghachi omume TBAI-catalyzed na-adabere na nnyefe nke ihe na-akpali akpali n'etiti usoro abụọ ahụ.Solubility nke TBAI na ihe mgbaze organic bụ isi ihe na-eme ka ọ dị irè dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ na-ekere òkè na mmeghachi omume ahụ ka ọ na-anọgide na-abụ akụkụ nke organic.Enwere ike ichikota usoro mmeghachi omume dịka ndị a:
1. Mgbasa nkeTBAIna aqueous agba
2. Nyefe nke TBAI na usoro organic
3. Mmeghachi omume nke TBAI na mkpụrụ osisi organic iji mepụta etiti
4. Nyefee nke etiti na mpaghara mmiri mmiri
5. Mmeghachi omume nke etiti na mmiri reactant na-emepụta ngwaahịa a chọrọ
Ịdị irè nke TBAI dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali bụ n'ihi ikike ya pụrụ iche ịnyefe ion n'ofe abụọ ahụ, na-ejigide àgwà ionic ha.A na-enweta nke a site n'ịdị elu lipophilicity nke otu alkyl nke molekul TBAI nke na-enye ọta hydrophobic gburugburu moiety cationic.Akụkụ a nke TBAI na-enye nkwụsi ike na ion bufere ya ma na-enyere mmeghachi omume aka ịga n'ihu nke ọma.
Na mgbakwunye na ngwa njikọ, TBAI ejiriwokwa mee ihe na mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ dị iche iche.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ejirila ya na nkwadebe nke amides, amidine, na urea.A na-ejikwa TBAI mee ihe na mmeghachi omume nke gụnyere nguzobe nke carbon-carbon bond ma ọ bụ iwepụ otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ dị ka halogens.
N'ikpeazụ, usoro nkeTBAIMmeghachi omume catalyzed dabere na mbufe ion n'etiti usoro a na-apụghị ime eme, nke a na-enyere ya aka site na njirimara pụrụ iche nke molecule TBAI.Site n'ịkwalite mmeghachi omume n'etiti ogige ndị na-agaghị adị na ya, TBAI abụrụla ngwa bara uru maka ndị na-ahụ maka kemịkị sịntetị n'ofe mpaghara dị iche iche.Ịdị irè ya na ịdị iche iche na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ndị na-achọ ịgbasa ngwa ngwa kemịkal ha.
Oge nzipu: Mee-10-2023